I ka makahiki 2017, ua hoʻopili ka Hurricane Irma iā Miami-Dade a me ke koena o South Florida.
Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina, ua paʻi ka maka o ka ʻino ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻo Florida Keys ma kahi mau mile, a ua ʻike ʻia ka hopena o kahi ʻino. Ua maikaʻi ʻole: Ua hoʻopōʻino ka makani a me ka ua i nā hale, ua ʻoki i nā kumulāʻau a me nā laina uila, a ua pau ka mana no nā lā - ʻo ka mea kaulana loa, he 12 mau ʻelemakule ma Broward County i pau i nā hale hānai me ka mana ʻole.
Eia nō naʻe, ma ke kahakai ʻo Biscayne Bay, loaʻa ʻo Irma i nā makani e like me ka makani ʻino o ka Category 1 - ikaika loa e hoʻouna i 3 kapuaʻi a ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 kapuaʻi o ka wai e holoi ana ma luna o kekahi mau poloka ma nā wahi ʻo Miami Brickell a me Coconut Grove, e luku ana i nā uwa, nā uka a me nā moku. , e kahe ana na alanui no na la i piha i ke Kai Biscay a me na poka, a me na waapa i hoahuia ma na kapakai o na hale a me na iwilei ma South Bay Boulevard a ma ke kai kuonoono.
Ke kahe maʻamau i loko o ke kai kūʻono ke kahe ʻana o ke kai i uka, e kahe ana i loko o nā kaiāulu, nā alanui a me nā home.
ʻO ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e nā paia wikiwiki o ke kai kūʻono, ʻoiai i kaupalena ʻia i ka laulā a me ka laulā, i nā manawa he nui i lawe i nā makahiki a me nā miliona miliona e hoʻoponopono ai.
Eia nō naʻe, inā like ka nui a me ka ikaika o ka ʻino me ka Hurricane Yang, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻino ma kahi o 15 kapuaʻi ma ke kahakai o ke kahakai ʻo Fort Myers, e pā pololei ana iā Key Biscayne a me nā kikowaena lehulehu e noho ana i nā mokupuni pale e pale ana iā ia. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻo Biscayne Bay, Miami Beach, a me nā kūlanakauhale kahakai e holo ana i kekahi mau mile ma ka ʻākau ma ke ʻano o nā mokupuni paʻa paʻa.
Hōʻike ka poʻe loea i ka manaʻo nui o ka lehulehu e pili ana i nā ʻino i ka makani. Akā, ʻo ka ʻino nui a lohi o ka Māhele 4 e like me ka Hurricane Yan e hoʻoulu ai i ka pōʻino ma ka hapa nui o ke kahakai ʻo Miami-Dade a ʻoi aku i uka ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka palapala ʻāina ʻo Hurricane Center Irma.
He nui ka poʻe loea e ʻōlelo nei ʻaʻole mākaukau ʻo Miami-Dade ma nā ʻano he nui, ma ka noʻonoʻo a me ke kino, ʻoiai mākou e hoʻomau nei i ka ulu ʻana o nā kamaʻāina a kamaʻilio i nā nāwaliwali o ka moana a me ka wai honua mai Miami Beach a Brickell a me South Miami-Dade. Ua piʻi ka ʻilikai o ka honua ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau.
Ua ʻike pono nā luna aupuni ma nā kalana a me nā kūlanakauhale pilikia i kēia mau pilikia. Pono nā loina kūkulu hale i nā hale noho hou a me nā hale kūʻai ma nā wahi i pilikia loa i nā nalu e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia i hiki i ka wai ke hele ma waena o lākou me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Miami Beach a me Biscayne Bay i nā miliona kālā me ke kōkua federal no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā pale dune a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kahakai ma ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika. Ke hana nei nā mana i nā ala hou i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke ʻano e hōʻemi ai i ka ikaika o ka ʻino, mai nā ʻāʻī hana ʻē aʻe a hiki i nā mokupuni mangrove hou a me "nā kahakai ola" ma ke kai kūʻono.
Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hopena maikaʻi loa ma mua o ka hoʻōki ʻana i nā hopena o nā ʻino ʻino. Ua mamao aku ka nui o lakou. Eia naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke lanakila ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻilikai i luku hou i nā pā kaua. I kēia manawa, mau tausani o nā hale kahiko a me nā hale ma luna o ka ʻāina e noho paʻakikī loa i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mana.
"ʻO ka mea āu e ʻike nei ma ke komohana hema o Florida ua hopohopo nui mākou e pili ana i ko mākou nāwaliwali a me nā mea e pono ai mākou e hana," wahi a Roland Samimi, ka luna hoʻōla nui no ke kauhale o Biscayne Bay, ʻo ia wale nō ka 3. 4 kapuaʻi ma luna o ka ʻilikai. no ka poe koho. $100 miliona ma nā kahawai kālā i ʻae ʻia e kākoʻo i nā papahana hoʻoikaika nui.
"Hiki iā ʻoe ke pale iā ʻoe iho mai ka nalu. E loaʻa mau ka hopena. ʻAʻole loa ʻoe e hoʻopau iā ia. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lanakila i ka nalu.
Ke paʻi kēia ʻino ʻino i Biscayne Bay i kekahi manawa i kēia mua aku, e piʻi ka wai ʻino mai kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaka ʻana: e like me ke ana ʻana o ke kai NOAA, ua piʻi ka nui o ke kai kūloko ma mua o 100 pakeneka mai ka makahiki 1950. Ua piʻi ʻo ia ma 8 iniha a ua manaʻo ʻia. e ala aʻe. ma ka 16 a 32 'īniha e ka makahiki 2070, e like me ka ʻaelike hoʻololi o ke aniau o Florida Hema.
Wahi a ka poʻe akamai, ʻo ke kaumaha nui a me ka ikaika o nā au wikiwiki a me nā nalu ʻino e hiki ke hōʻino i nā hale, nā alahaka, nā mana mana a me nā ʻoihana lehulehu ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka makani, ka ua a me ke kahe ʻana i nā wahi pilikia o Miami-Dade. ʻO ka wai, ʻaʻole ka makani, ke kumu o ka nui o ka make ʻana o ka ʻino. ʻO kēia ka mea i hana ʻia i ka wā i puhi ai ʻo Hurricane Ian i ka nui o ka wai ma nā kahakai o Captiva a me Fort Myers ma ke komohana hema o Florida, a i kekahi manawa ma nā hale, nā alahaka a me nā hale ʻē aʻe ma nā mokupuni ʻelua. 120 kanaka, ka hapa nui o lakou i make.
"He mana nui ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai a ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hapa nui o ka pōʻino," wahi a Dennis Hector, he kumu aʻoaʻo o ke Kulanui o Miami a he loea i ka hoʻēmi ʻino a me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana.
Hōʻike nā palapala 'āina mai ka Hurricane Center e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻāina ʻo Miami ma mua o ka ʻāina ʻo Fort Myers, a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o nā kūlanakauhale kahakai ʻākau e like me Fort Lauderdale a i ʻole Palm Beach. ʻO kēia no ka mea he pāpaʻu ka wai ma Biscayne Bay a hiki ke hoʻopiha e like me ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau a kahe nui no nā mile he nui i uka, ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o Biscayne Bay a me ke kua o ke kahakai.
ʻO ka hohonu o ke kai kūʻono ma lalo o ʻeono kapuaʻi. ʻO ka lalo pāpaʻu o Biscayne Bay ka mea i hōʻiliʻili ai ka wai a piʻi i luna ponoʻī i ka wā i holoi ʻia ai ka wai i uka e ka makani ʻino. ʻO nā kaiāulu haʻahaʻa he 35 mau mile mai ke kai kūʻono, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Homestead, Cutler Bay, Palmetto Bay, Pinecrest, Coconut Grove, a me Gables by the Sea, hiki ke pilikia i kekahi o nā kahe nui loa ma South Florida.
Laki loa ʻo Penny Tannenbaum i ka wā i pā ai ʻo Irma i kahakai ma Coconut Grove: ua haʻalele ʻo ia, a ʻo kona hale ma Fairhaven Place, Bay Street ma ke kahawai, he mau kapuaʻi wale nō mai ka wai kahe. Akā, i kona hoʻi ʻana i ka hale, aia kahi wāwae o ka wai kū i loko. Ua luku ʻia kona papahele, nā paia, nā lako a me nā keʻena.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui ʻia ka pilau—he hui pū ʻana o ka lepo lepo a me ka ʻōpala. Ua komo ka mea hana hoʻomalu āna i hoʻolimalima ai i loko o ka hale me ka pale kinoea. Ua uhi ʻia nā alanui a puni i ka lepo lepo.
"Me he mea lā e pono ʻoe e ʻohi hau, ʻo ka lepo ʻeleʻele wale nō," wahi a Tannenbaum.
Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻopōʻino ka makani ʻino i ka home a me ka waiwai o Tannenbaum a mālama iā ia i waho o ka hale no 11 mahina.
ʻO ka wānana a ka National Hurricane Center no Yan i kāhea aku i nā piʻi nui ma ke ala ʻo Miami-Dade Hema ma mua o ka huli ʻana o ke ala o ka ʻino mai South Florida.
"He wai ko Dadeland a hiki i ka US 1 a ma waho aʻe," wahi a Brian House, ka luna o ke keʻena ʻepekema moana ma ke kula ʻo Johnston o Oceanographic and Atmospheric Sciences. ʻO Rosenthal ma ke Kulanui o Michigan, nāna e hoʻokele i ke keʻena hana hoʻohālike o ka ʻino. "He hōʻailona maikaʻi kēlā o ka nāwaliwali o mākou."
Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻo Irma i ke ʻano, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona hopena ma Miami-Dade, e ʻōlelo ana nā wānana.
Ma Sepatemaba 7, 2017, ʻekolu lā ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o Irma i Florida, ua wānana ka National Hurricane Center e hiki mai ana ka makani ʻino o ka Category 4 ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Miami ma mua o ka huli ʻana i ka ʻākau a kahili i ke kahakai hikina o ka mokuʻāina.
Inā noho ʻo Irma ma kēia ala, ua pau loa nā mokupuni pale e like me Miami Beach a me Key Biscayne i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻino. Ma South Dade, e kahe ana ka wai kahe i kēlā me kēia ʻīniha o Homestead, Cutler Bay a me Palmetto Bay ma ka hikina o ka US. 1, a ma hope aku e hele i ke alaloa a hiki i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa ma ke komohana, hiki ke maloʻo i nā lā a i ʻole mau pule. ʻO ka muliwai ʻo Miami a me nā kahawai he nui ma South Florida he ʻōnaehana o nā ala wai e hāʻawi ana i nā ala he nui no ka wai e komo i uka.
Ua hana mua ia. ʻElua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ʻo Miami-Dade i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻino e like me Jan's ma ke Kai Kūʻai.
Ma mua o ka Hurricane Andrew i ka makahiki 1992, ua mālama ʻia ka moʻolelo o ka ʻino ʻino o South Florida e ka makani ʻino ʻo Miami i kapa ʻole ʻia i ka makahiki 1926, nāna i hoʻokuke i 15 kapuaʻi o ka wai ma nā kapa o nā kumu niu. Ua holoi pū ka ʻino i ʻewalu a ʻeiwa kapuaʻi o ka wai ma lalo o Miami Beach. He memo mana mai ke keʻena ʻo Miami Weather Service e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka pōʻino.
“Ua piha loa ke kahakai o Miami i ka wai, a i ke kai nui, ua holo aku ka moana a hiki i Miami,” i kakau ai ke poo o ka oihana o Richard Gray i ka makahiki 1926. na wahi i kanu loa ia na kaa. I kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka ʻino, ua ʻeli ʻia kahi kaʻa mai loko mai o ke one, aia i loko kahi kāne, kāna wahine a me nā kino o nā keiki ʻelua.
ʻO Hurricane Andrew, he ʻino Māhele 5 a ʻo kekahi o nā mea ikaika loa i paʻi i ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua uhaʻi i ka moʻolelo 1926. Ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaiakahinaehana, ua hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai ma kahi o 17 kapuaʻi ma mua aʻe o ka ʻilikai maʻamau, e like me ke ana ʻana i ka ʻili lepo i waiho ʻia ma nā paia o ka papahele ʻelua o ke keʻena poʻo Burger King kahiko, aia i kēia manawa ma Palmetto Bay. Ua hoʻopau ka nalu i kahi hale i kālai ʻia i ka lāʻau ma ka ʻāina ʻo Dearing kokoke loa a waiho i kahi moku noiʻi 105-kapuaʻi ma ke kua o ka hale ma waho o Old Cutler Drive.
Eia naʻe, he ʻino paʻa ʻo Andrey. ʻO ka laulā o nā pahū e hoʻopuka ai, ʻoiai ikaika, ua kaupalena ʻia.
Mai ia manawa, ua piʻi nui ka heluna kanaka a me nā hale i kekahi o nā wahi pilikia loa. I loko o nā makahiki he 20 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokumu ka hoʻomohala ʻana i mau tausani o nā hale hou, nā hale noho i loko o nā kaiāulu pili i ka waikahe o Edgewater a me Brickell Miami, nā wahi ākea o Coral Gables a me Cutler Bay, a me Miami Beach a me Sunshine Banks a me House Islands Beach. .
Ma Brickell wale nō, ua hoʻonui ka waikahe o nā hale kiʻekiʻe hou i ka heluna kanaka mai kahi kokoke i 55,000 i 2010 a i 68,716 i ka helu helu 2020. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili helu helu helu helu 33131, kekahi o nā code zip ʻekolu e uhi ana iā Brickell, i ʻehā mau ʻāpana hale ma waena o 2000 a me 2020.
Ma Biscayne Bay, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka poʻe noho a puni ka makahiki mai 10,500 i 2000 a i 14,800 i 2020, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā hale noho mai 4,240 a i 6,929. nā kahawai, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka mai 7,000 a 49,250 i ka manawa like. Mai ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻokipa ʻo Cutler Bay ma kahi o 5,000 mau kamaʻāina a i kēia lā he 45,000 ka nui o nā kānaka.
Ma Miami Beach a me nā kūlanakauhale e holo ana i ka ʻākau a hiki i Sunny Isles Beach a me Gold Beach, ua paʻa ka heluna kanaka i loko o ka makahiki e like me ka nui o nā limahana hana i kūʻai i nā hale kiʻekiʻe hou, akā ʻo ka helu o nā hale ma hope o 2000 ʻO ka heluna kanaka e like me ka helu 2020. he 105,000 kanaka.
Aia lākou a pau ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka piʻi ikaika a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā ʻino nui. Akā hopohopo ka poʻe loea ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomaopopo piha i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka piʻi ʻana a i ʻole maopopo i nā nuances o ka ʻikepili wānana. Me ka nui o nā kamaʻāina e noho ana ma ka home ʻoiai e piʻi wikiwiki ana ka ʻino a lele i ka hema ma mua o ka pae ʻana i ka ʻāina, hiki i ka huikau a i ʻole ke kuhi hewa ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke alahele i kuhi ʻia e Yang hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i nā kauoha haʻalele ʻo Lee County a mālama i ka nui o ka make.
Ua ʻike ka Hale o UM e hiki i nā loli i nā ala o ka ʻino he mau mile wale nō ke hoʻololi i waena o kahi ʻino ʻino e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma Fort Myers a me ka pōʻino liʻiliʻi. Ua huli ʻo Hurricane Andrew i ka minuke hope loa a hoʻopaʻa i nā poʻe he nui i ka home ma kāna wahi hopena.
"He kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi ʻo Ian," wahi a House. "Inā neʻe ʻo ia ma kahi kokoke i ka wānana i ʻelua mau lā mai kēia manawa, ʻoiai he 10 mau mile ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, e ʻike ʻo Port Charlotte i kahi ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino ma mua o ke kahakai ʻo Fort Myers."
Ma ka papa, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, “E hahai i nā kauoha haʻalele. Mai noʻonoʻo e kūpono ka wānana. E noʻonoʻo i ka mea ʻino loa. Inā ʻaʻole, e hauʻoli.
ʻO kekahi mau kumu, e like me ka topography kūloko a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana o kahi ʻino, ka wikiwiki o ka makani a me ka nui o ke kahua makani, hiki ke hoʻopili i ka paʻakikī a me kahi e hoʻoiho ai i ka wai, wahi a House.
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o East Florida i kahi ʻino ʻino ma mua o ke komohana o Florida.
Ua hoʻopuni ʻia ke kahakai komohana o Florida e kahi kualapa pāpaʻu ākea 150 mile i kapa ʻia ʻo West Florida Shelf. E like me ka Biscayne Bay, ʻo nā wai pāpaʻu a pau ma ke Kai Kūʻono e kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻino. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka mamao o ka papa ʻāina ma kahi o hoʻokahi mile wale nō mai ke kahakai ma kona wahi haiki kokoke i ka palena o nā kalana ʻo Broward a me Palm Beach.
'O ia ho'i, hiki i nā wai hohonu o Biscayne Bay a me nā kahakai ke komo i ka wai i ho'okumu 'ia e nā makani 'ino, no laila 'a'ole lākou e ho'onui.
Eia naʻe, e like me ka National Hurricane Center's Storm Surge Risk Map, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kai i ʻoi aku ma mua o 9 kapuaʻi i ka wā o ka ʻino Māhele 4 e hiki mai ana ma luna o ka hapa nui o ke kahakai ʻo South Miami-Dade ma Biscayne Bay, ma nā wahi ma ka muliwai ʻo Miami, a ma nā wahi like ʻole . nā kahawai, a me ke kua o nā mokupuni pale e like me Biscayne Bay a me nā kahakai. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o Miami Beach ma mua o ke kahakai, e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka nalu i kou neʻe ʻana i ke kai kūʻono.
Hōʻike ʻia nā palapala ʻāina Splash mai ka Hurricane Center e hoʻouna ana kahi ʻino o ka Māhele 4 i nā nalu nui i mau mile he nui i uka o kekahi mau wahi. Hiki i nā wai ʻino ke kahe i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ke kapakai o Miami a me ka ʻaoʻao Hikina Hikina o Miami, e hoʻonui i ka muliwai ʻo Miami a hiki i Hialeah, e kahe ana i ke kauhale o Coral Gables ma ka hikina o Old Cutler Road me ka ʻoi aku o 9 kapuaʻi o ka wai. kahe ʻo Pinecrest a hoʻouka i nā Homes ma ka mahiʻai ʻo Miami ma ka hikina.
Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe hoʻolālā kauhale ʻo Hurricane Yan i lawe mai i ka pōʻino i nā kamaʻāina o Biscayne Bay, akā ua haʻalele ka ʻino i ke kahakai waena ma ka hikina o Orlando, Florida i kekahi mau lā ma hope. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope mai, ua hoʻouna ʻia ke ʻano o ka wā i haʻalele ʻia i kahi "kaʻaahi ukana" i kahakai ma Biscayne Bay, kahi i hōʻino nui ʻia, wahi a ka luna hoʻolālā kauhale ʻo Jeremy Kaleros-Gogh. Na nā nalu i hoʻolei i ke one nui ma luna o nā puʻu, i hoʻihoʻi hou i nā ʻino ʻino, a ma nā kihi o nā paka a me nā waiwai.
"Ma Biscayne Beach, heʻenalu nā kānaka e like me kāu i ʻike ʻole ai ma mua," wahi a Calleros-Goger.
Ua hoʻohui ka luna hoʻomalu o Samimi: “Ua pilikia ke kahakai. Hiki i nā kama'āina ke ʻike maopopo i kēia. ʻIke nā kānaka. ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hoʻoponopono maikaʻi loa, ʻenekinia a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūlohelohe ke hoʻopau i nā pilikia i ke ola o nā kānaka inā ʻaʻole mālama ka poʻe. Ua hopohopo lākou no ka poina lōʻihi o ka poʻe kamaʻāina i nā haʻawina a Andrew, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā tausani o ka poʻe hou kahi ʻino ʻino. Makaʻu lākou he nui ka poʻe e haʻalele i nā kauoha haʻalele e koi ai i nā tausani o ka poʻe e haʻalele i ko lākou mau home i ka wā o ka ʻino nui.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Miami-Dade Mayor Daniella Levine Cava, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ka ʻōnaehana mua o ke kalana i kekahi i ka wā e hoʻoweliweli ʻia ai ka ʻino nui. Ua ʻike ʻo ia ua hōʻailona maopopo ʻia nā wahi hoʻouluulu no ka ʻōnaehana a ke hāʻawi nei ke kalana i ke kōkua ma ke ʻano o kahi kaʻa kaʻa e lawe ai i nā poʻe noho i nā hale.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-10-2022